Gresik History

In the days of the Majapahit Kingdom exactly Gresik 11th century had become a fairly large commercial airports. The experts also acknowledged Gresik history as an old trading town. Gresik, as well as start spreading the Islamic religion that has been proven through the inscription on the tomb of Fatimah Bint Learn numbered from the year 1082 AD Maimun

As the bustling city of Bandar visited merchants both from Chinese, Arabic, Gujarati, Calicut, Siam, Bengali, Campa, and others, the scholars, traders most active role in economic activity. Among the scholars who was well respected trader of Maulana Malik Ibrahim, Ali Hutomo or Raden Raden Pandita, Nyai Ageng Pinatih, and Sunan Giri.

Sheikh Maulana Malik Ibrahim, who was dubbed the Islamic pioneer of Java is also a carrier and spread Islam with Fatima bint Maimun.

Sunan Giri in recorded history in the book Van Geschieden Indonesia, Dr. H. J. de Graaf wrote: "... Then came time for King Satmata Claims yourself to the World. He is based in the hills near Gresik and became the most famous people of Sunan Giri Sunan that there ... "

Coronation as King of Sunan Giri Giri Kedaton with King Satmata degree can be interpreted as a milestone in the history of the birth of a new government in the kingdom dynasty Kedaton Giri. These have become the foundation anniversary of the establishment of the town of Gresik on the consideration of past history study, namely at the date of March 9, 1487 M or coincide with the date 12 Rabi-Beginning 897 H.

As an "Imperium Power" Kingdom Giri Kedaton even switch from one dynasty to another dynasty. Sunan Giri (1487 AD), Sunan Dalem, Sunan Sedomargi, Sunan Giri Kedaton Prapen until the last dynasty Prince Singosari (1743 AD) is a series of empires which had been instrumental in building the Kingdom of the government stake in Giri Kedaton.

Giri Kedaton in the End dynasty rule does not mean necessarily empty Gresik government. As the area "strategic" for the sea trade Gresik very attractive to "other authorities". Through the hands of Kyai Tumenggung Poesponegoro Gresik regency-style government of Mataram / Dutch pioneered. Poesponegoro which is the Regent Tandes / Gresik who subsequently built the first empire hereditary powers in Gresik. Style of the royal government is very strong with the two positions Regents, the Regents and Regent Kasepuhan Kanoman.

Originally the district was named in Surabaya, but entered the implementation of PP No. 38 Th. 1974 AD, all government activities began to gradually - gradually moved to Gresik and then changed its name to The Regency of Gresik in Gresik activity center.

Gresik Tourism Places

A number of tourism is a mainstay in Gresik Tomb of Maulana Malik Ibrahim (in Gapuro), Grave of Sunan Giri (Giri village), Grave of Sunan Prapen (grandson of Sunan Giri) in the village Klangonan, Tomb of Fatima bint Maimun, Grave Kanjeng Sepuh and taken cared of Sunan Kalijaga in Regions Mount Surowiti Panceng district in Gresik, all of which have been designated as cultural heritage and science by the East Java Provincial Government. Bawean island is a maritime tourism destination, which are nature reserves and wildlife reserves, beach tourism "white sand" in the village dalegan Panceng district that serves the entertainment atmosphere ocean view, play and bathe in the beach a safe and comfortable. Solo estuary (the longest river in Java) is an area that is just as interesting to visit.

in addition there is a tradition that has been long enough now that is still ongoing tradition [Rebo wekasan], [25 nights] and fish market.

Original Fine Food fine Gresik

Typical food is rice krawu Gresik, the brains of milk fish, Pudak, Jubung, Ayas, ubus, lard edge, and Bontosan Giri which only exists in the area around the tomb of Sunan Giri.

Gresik typical beverage is ice palm, Legen panceng, temu lawak, wedang Giras pokak and Coffee are available at many coffee shops are spread out almost every corners of the alley [Public Cangkruan]

Gresik economy

Gresik is known as one of the main industrial area in East Java. Some in the industry, among others, Semen Gresik Gresik, PKG, Nippon Paint, BHS-Tex, the timber industry / Plywood and Maspion. Gresik also a significant producer of fisheries, both marine fisheries, ponds, and inland fisheries. Gresik also have a Gas Power Plant and Steam capacity of 2200 MW. Between Gresik and Surabaya are connected by a toll road-Manyar Surabaya, which is connected with the Surabaya-Gempol toll road. Besides the economic community supported from Gresik many self-employed sector. One such songkok Industry, Craftsmen Bags, Gold & Silver Jewelry Craftsmen, Garment Industry (convection). In the northern city also gresik sidayu precisely in the city is the largest producer of swiftlet nests in Indonesia

Gresik

Since the 11th century, Gresik became the trade center and port city which is visited by many nations, such as Chinese, Arabic, coarse and Gujarat. Gresik, as well as the first entrance of Islam in Java that brought Sheikh Maulana Malik Ibrahim Fatimah binti Maimun Together [1]. Gresik has become one of the major port and an important trading town since the 14th century, as well as a haven from the Moluccas ships to Sumatra and mainland Asia (including India and Persia). This continued until the era of the VOC.

In the era of VOC, Afdeeling consists of Gresik Regency, Gresik, Lamongan, and Sedayu District. Gresik city itself is on the main lane road heading Dandels. Surabaya is quite rapid developments forced the abolition of Gresik and Surabaya to join the District in 1934.

At the beginning of the Independence of Indonesia, Gresik kawedanan below is just a district of Surabaya. Gresik Cement Plant built in 1953 is the starting point of industrialization in Gresik. In 1974, the Surabaya district status as a successor was removed and Gresik regency, with the first regent H. Soeflan. Settlement area was widened, and even the seat of government was transferred to Regions Bunder, which is now considered New City Of Gresik ( GKB )

A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE CITY GRESIK

Gresik has known since the 11th century when it grew into the center of trade not only between islands, but has already expanded control every aspect of State. Bandar Sebaga, Gresik visited many Chinese traders, Arabic, Gujarati, Calicut, Siam, Bengali, Campa and others. Gresik began to appear prominently in the history of legislation since the development of Islam in Java land. Carrier and disseminator of Islam religion is none other than Maulana Malik Ibrahim Syech together Fatimah Bint Gresik Maimun into the early 11th century.
Since the birth and growth of cities began Gresk apart from the emergence of Islam which then spread throughout the island of Java, not apart from the name of Nyai Ageng Penatih, from Wealthy widow, who is also a syahbandar, this will then will we find the name of someone who later became the founding milestone Gresik city.
He was a baby home Blambangan (Banyuwangi regency), which dbuang into the sea by his parents. And found by sailors subordinates who Nyai Ageng Pinatih later named Jaka Ocean. After a bachelor degree Raden Paku who later became rulers based in Kedaton Giri, from this place he was later known as Sunan Giri calls. If Maulana Malik Ibrahim Syech contemporaries regarded as rulers, kings and ministers poles, then the Sunan Giri Sunan addition to his position as one or Guardian (spread Islam) is also regarded as the Emperor / King (ruling government)
Sunan Giri is known to be one of Wali Songo, also known as the king or sultan Aiun Satmoto Yaqin. Year where he was enthroned as ruler of the government (1487 AD) eventually serve as the birth day of Gresik. He ruled for 30 years and gresik followed by keturunanya to less than 200 years.
First served as regent who is Kyai Ngabehi Tumenggung Poesponegoro in 1617 saka, a body was buried in the complex at Jl. Pahlawan eat Poesponegoro Gresik, the same complex as the tomb of Maulana Malik Ibrahim Syech.
Originally the district was named District of Surabaya. Entering the implementation of PP No. 38 Year 1974, all government activities began to gradually transferred to Gresik and its name was later changed to the Regency of Gresik activity center in the town of Gresik
Gresik Regency which is the development of the sub-region (SWPB) can not be separated from the sub-region development activities Kertosusilo Gate (Gresik, Bangkalan, Mojokerto, Surabaya, Sidoarjo, Lamongan). Including one part of the nine sub-regions of East Java development activities aimed at agriculture, industry, commerce, maritime, education and tourism industries.
With the enactment of Gresik as part of one of the areas Gerbangkertosusilo development and also as an industrial area, the town of Gresik became more popular and famous, not only in Persada archipelago, but also to the whole world that the mark of modern multi industrial with the emergence of be proud of the Indonesian nation

Nationalism movement

In 1905 the first nationalist movement, the Islamic Trade Union was formed and was followed in 1908 by the nationalist movements that followed, Budi Utomo. The Dutch responded after World War with repressive measures. Nationalist leaders came from small groups consisting of young professionals and students, which some of them have been educated in the Netherlands. Many of those who were imprisoned for political activities, including Indonesia's first president, Sukarno.

Colonization of the Dutch government

After the VOC went bankrupt in the late 18th century and after a short British rule under Thomas Stamford Raffles, the Dutch government took over ownership of the VOC in the year 1816. A successful rebellion was crushed in Java Java War in 1825-1830. After the year 1830 the compulsory system, known as cultuurstelsel in Dutch began to be applied. In this system, the residents were forced to plant the results of the plantation into the world market demand at the time, like tea, coffee etc.. Yield was then exported to foreign countries. These systems bring great wealth to the executive - both the Dutch and the Indonesian. This cultivation system is a government monopoly and was abolished in that time more freely after 1870.

In 1901 the Dutch adopted what they called the Ethical Policy (Dutch: a political Ethische), which included greater investment in education for indigenous people, and little political change. Under the governor-generals J.B. van Heutsz Dutch East Indies government to extend direct colonial rule throughout the Dutch East Indies, and thereby establish the foundation for the current state of Indonesia.

Colonization VOC

Starting in 1602 the Netherlands gradually became the ruler of what is now Indonesian territory, by exploiting divisions among the small kingdoms that had replaced Majapahit. The only one not affected is of Portuguese Timor, which remains controlled by Portugal until 1975 when integrated into Indonesian province called East Timor. The Dutch controlled Indonesia for nearly 350 years, except for a short period in which a small part of Indonesia ruled Britain after the Anglo-Dutch Java War and the period of Japanese occupation during World War II. When colonizing Indonesia, Netherlands East Indies Netherlands developed into one of the world's richest colonial power. 350 years of Dutch colonial rule for some people is a myth because the newly conquered territory of Aceh after the Netherlands close to bankruptcy.
VOC logo

In the 17th century the Dutch East Indies and 18 are not controlled directly by the Dutch government but by a trading company called the Dutch East Indies Company (Dutch: Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie or VOC). VOC has been given monopoly rights to trade and colonial activities in the area by the Dutch Parliament in 1602. Headquarters are in Batavia, now Jakarta.

VOC main purpose was to defend the monopoly of the spice trade in the archipelago. This is done through the use and threat of violence against the population on the island spice, and on people of non-Dutch who tried to trade with their resident. For example, when the population of the Banda Islands continued to sell seeds of nutmeg to the British merchants, the Dutch troops to kill or deport almost the entire population and then populating the islands with the servants or slaves who worked in the nutmeg plantations.

VOC became involved in the internal politics of Java at this time, and fought in several wars involving the leaders of Mataram and Banten.

Popular Resistance to the Portuguese Moluccas

The Portuguese first landed in Maluku in 1511. The next Portuguese arrival in 1513. However, Tertnate felt disadvantaged by the Portuguese because of their greed to obtain monopoly profits through the efforts of the spice trade.

In 1533, the Sultan of Ternate, Maluku calls upon all people to expel the Portuguese in the Moluccas. In 1570, the people of Ternate, which was led by Sultan Hairun can again take the fight against the Portuguese, but can be fooled by the Portuguese until it was killed in Fort Duurstede. Furthermore Baabullah led by the Sultan in 1574. Portuguese expelled who then lived on the island of Timor.

Acehnese people's resistance against the Portuguese

Beginning in 1554 until the year 1555, the Portuguese efforts failed because the Portuguese had harsh resistance from the people of Aceh. At the time of Sultan Iskandar Muda in power, the Kingdom of Aceh was attacked the Portuguese in Malacca in 1629.

Popular Resistance against Portuguese Malacca

In 1511, the Portuguese fleet led by the Kingdom of Albuquerque attacked Malacca. To attack the colonial Portuguese in Malacca which occurred in 1513 have failed because of the power of Portuguese and more powerful weapons. In 1527, the fleet under the command of Demak Falatehan can competently Bantam, Suda Palm, and Cirebon. Can be destroyed by the Portuguese fleet Falatehan and he later changed the name of Sunda Kelapa to Jayakarta (Jakarta)

Triumph Portuguese Period in the archipelago

Period 1511-1526, over 15 years, the archipelago became an important maritime port for the Kingdom of Portugal, which regularly become a maritime route to get to the island of Sumatra, Java, Banda, and the Moluccas.

In 1511 the Portuguese defeated the kingdom of Malacca. Having successfully mastered Portuguese Malacca, in 1512 Antonio Afonso de Albuquerque send Albreu and Francisco Serrao to lead the fleet to find a way into the home of spices in the Moluccas. Throughout the trip, they stopped in Banten, Sundakalapa, and Cirebon. Skipper-skipper using Java, the fleet arrived in the Banda Islands, continue toward North Maluku until arriving at Ternate.

Portuguese presence in the waters and islands of Indonesia that have left traces of history that to this day is still maintained by local communities in the archipelago, particularly Flores, Solor and the Moluccas, in Jakarta Village monument located in the eastern part of Jakarta, between the time Cakung, Cilincing beach and soil Marunda.

Europeans first discovered the Moluccas is Portuguese, in the year 1512. At that time, two Portuguese fleet, each under the leadership of Anthony d'Abreu and Francisco Serau, landed in Banda Islands and Turtle Island. Once they make friends with residents and local lords - such as with Kingdom of Ternate on the island of Ternate, the Portuguese were given permission to establish a stronghold in Pikaoli, nor long Hitu Affairs, and Mamala Ambon.But Island spice trade relations did not last long , since the Portuguese introduced a system of monopoly at the same time doing the spread of Christianity. One is a famous missionary Francis Xavier. Arrived in Ambon, 14 February 1546, then traveled on to Ternate, arrived in 1547, and the tireless in their visits to the islands in the Maluku Islands to conduct religious propaganda. Portuguese Friendship and Ternate ended in 1570. Battle with Sultan Babullah during five years (1570-1575), allowed the Portuguese had to leave and expelled from the Tidore Ternate and Ambon.

Maluku people's resistance against the Portuguese, the Dutch used to set foot in the Moluccas. In 1605, the Dutch succeeded in forcing the Portuguese to give up its defense in Ambon to Steven van der Hagen and the Tidore to Sebastiansz Cornelisz. Likewise, the British fort at Kambelo, Seram Island, destroyed by the Dutch. Since then the Dutch overran large parts of Maluku. The position of the Dutch in the Moluccas getting stronger with the establishment of the VOC in 1602, and since then the Dutch became the sole ruler of the Moluccas. Under the leadership of Jan Pieterszoon Coen, Chief Operating Officer of the VOC, the clove trade in the Moluccas sepunuh under the control of VOC for nearly 350 years. For this purpose, the VOC did not hesitate to drive out competitors, Portuguese, Spanish, and English. Even tens of thousands of people become victims of brutality VOC Maluku.

then they built a fort at Ternate in 1511, then in 1512 built the Citadel in Amurang North Sulawesi. Portuguese lost the war with Spain, the north Sulawesi area submitted in Spanish rule (1560 to 1660). Portuguese kingdom later united with the Kingdom of Spain. (Read the book: Portuguese Colonial History in Indonesia, by David DS Lumoindong). 17th-century merchant fleet came VOC (Dutch) who later managed to expel the Portuguese from Ternate, which then backwards and mastering Portuguese East Timor (since 1515).

Colonialism and Imperialism in Indonesia started to emerge around the 15th century, which begins with the landing of the Portuguese in Malacca and the Netherlands, led the nation Cornelis de Houtmen in the year 1596, to find the source of spices and trade.

Portuguese and Spanish colonization

Afonso (sometimes also written Alfonso) de Albuquerque. Because of this, which makes the Archipelago region then known by the Europeans and the beginning of centuries of colonization by the Portuguese along with other European nations, especially England and Holland.

From the Tagus River which empties into the Atlantic Ocean the Portuguese fleet that was sailing the Atlantic Ocean, may take a month to three months, past the Cape of Good Hope of Africa, towards the Straits of Malacca. From this exploration to proceed to the Maluku Islands in search of spices, gold equivalent commodity at the time.

"In the 16th century when the adventure had begun normally sailors Catholic country was blessed by the priest and the king before sailing through the River Tagus," said Teresa. Monastery of St. Dos Jeronimus or the Monastery of Jeronimos Monastery in the Portuguese language was established by King Manuel in 1502 in place when Vasco da Gama started the adventure to the east.

Portuguese Maritime Museum or Museu de Marinha mention it was founded by King Luis on July 22, 1863 to honor the Portuguese maritime history.

In addition to the statue in the park, painting of Afonso de Albuquerque is also a collection of the museum. Under the painting it says, "the Governor of India 1509-1515. The foundation stone of the Portuguese Empire in India, based in Ormuz, Goa, and Malacca. Pioneer of sea power policy as a central force kingdom. " Various Portuguese trade goods also exhibited at the museum, even a mound of pepper or pepper.

There are several motivations why the Portuguese Empire began an adventure to the east. Islamic historians and archaeologists in the book Rida Tjandrasasmita Indonesia-Portugal: Five Hundred Years of Historical Relationship (Cepesa, 2002), citing a number of historians, not to mention there is only one motivation of the Kingdom of Portuguese came to Asia. That expansion may be summarized in three words Portuguese language, namely feitoria, Fortaleza, and igreja. Its literal meaning is gold, glory, and churches or trade, military dominance, and the spread of Catholicism.

According to Rida, Albuquerque, the Portuguese governor of the Estado da India Secondly, the Portuguese Empire in Asia, was the main architect of the Portuguese expansion into Asia. From Goa he immediately led the expedition to Malacca and arrived there early in July 1511 brought 15 large and small ships and 600 soldiers. He and his troops defeated the Malacca August 10, 1511. Since then the Portuguese controlled the spice trade from Asia to Europe. After conquering Malacca, the Portuguese expedition led by Antonio de Abreu reached the Moluccas, the spice center.

History Batik Minangkabau

Minangkabau is called batik batik liek land, because of batik was originally from West Sumatra is one of The color liek soil, ie clay. There are a variety of other sources of natural dyes. There are leather jengkol, rambutan skin, gambier, mahogany skin, leaves jerame and many other roots are also used.

Batik Land Liek historically originated in China brought by Chinese traders. Because the beauty of Minang women to take advantage of this batik shawl. The price is relatively expensive and only used on special occasions only. In the event that was only used by ninik mamak and BUNDO KANDUANG, or custom models. This shawl is always maintained by the Minang people as relics of ancestral craft.

If the adoption of many other local batik motifs of flora, soil batik inspired liek Pessel lot of sea animals like sea horses, and other biota. It is said Chairman Mrs Dekranasda Pessel Nasrul abit journalist caused the topography of the area which lies on the coast so that its people are very familiar and close to the sea. So that marine life is diverse and has its own beauty becomes an inspiration to create works of art or handicrafts such as batik.

"There Pessel Batik motifs 9, 6 sea motif and a floral motif, namely kaluak nails to the edge of the fabric," said the hard-working journalist who raised the potential of this region to the outside world was accompanied by administrators Dekranasda, Syriac. History of batik originated Pessel liek cooking since ancient times, when the form of batik scarf worn only for customary events. Batik colors there are only two, the ground color and black.

Land of color obtained by soaking a cloth in a solution of clay. While black leather jengkol obtained from solution by immersing in water. Along the development of times, and tuntuan market, batik liek Pessel cooking developed into a variety of fashion such as clothes Stelan, clothing robe, head scarf and a shirt or dress koko for men. Any color according to taste increasingly diverse marketplace.
There are bright colors, like red, pink, blue, green colors to blend soft and beautiful colors. Basic silk fabric is not only lightweight and comfortable but there was also santung dobbies and others. Till now the land batik liek Pessel already flying everywhere, both in domestic and foreign.

Source : http://aku-cinta-batik.blogspot.com

History Batik Cirebon

Cirebon batik production centers located in the village allegedly Trusmi Plered Cirebon Cirebon City is out as far as 4 km to the west or toward the direction of Bandung. In the village and surrounding Trusmi there are more than 1000 workers or craftsmen batik. Batik workforce comes from several areas around the village Trusmi, such as from the village Gamel, Kaliwulu, Wotgali and Kalitengah.

In general, Cirebon batik including batik into coastal groups, but also some batik Cirebon batik palace belongs to the class. This is because having two Cirebon Kraton Kraton is Keratonan Kasepuhan and Kanoman, supposedly based on the history of these two royal palace appeared several Cirebonan Classical batik design, which until now is still done by some rural communities such as motive Mega Trusmi Unisex, Paksinaga Liman, Patran Keris , Patran Kangkung, Lion Umbrella, Singa Barong, Banjar Balong, Chicken Base, plane bride, Katewono, Mount Giwur, Simbar Menjangan, Simbar Kendo and others.

Some important things that can become a feature or characteristic that is also owned by batik Cirebon is as follows:

batik a.Desain Cirebonan nuanced traditional classical in general always involves wadasan motif (rock) on parts of a particular motive. In addition there is also a cloud-shaped decorative element (mega) on the parts that are adjusted with its main motif.

b.Batik Cirebonan traditional classics have always been characterized by the color of the background (base fabric) younger than the color line on main motive.

c.Bagian background or base fabric is usually clean look of black stains or colors that are not desired in the manufacturing process. Black stain and can be caused by the use of batik wax break, so the process of dye staining is not desired permeate the fabric.

d.Garis-line Cirebonan batik motifs on the use of single lines and thin (small) approximately 0.5 mm with an older line of color compared with the background color. This is because the process of batik Cirebon superior in closing (blocking area) using a special canting to make the process of closure, that is using and bleber canting wall (made of bamboo sticks on the edges given a piece of cotton yarn thick and placed on one end of bamboo poles).

e.Warna-dominant color batik traditional classical Cirebonan usually have a yellow color (Sogan pads), the basic colors of black and beige, or dark red, navy blue, basic black with a cream color or ivory fabric.

f.Batik Cirebonan tend to choose some of the background fabric is left empty without filled with decorative shaped tanahan or rentesan (ganggeng plant-shaped ornament). Decorative shapes or rentesan tanahan is usually used by batik-batik from Pekalongan.

Still with batik Cirebonan, but have different characteristics with the previous group Cirebonan coastal batik. Batik Cirebonan coastal strongly influenced by the character of coastal communities which generally have a soul open and receptive to foreign cultural influences. Developments at the present time, which is owned by staining Cirebonan more colorful batik and uses elements of the lighter colors and brighter, and has a decorative shape which is free to combine elements of animals and other forms of visual diverse flora.

In a region with many foreigners sekitarpelabuhan usually transiting, anchored to happen different ethnic marriages (assimilation), the coastal batik Cirebonan more likely to receive from outside cultural influences brought by immigrants. Cirebon batik so this one is more likely to be able to meet or follow consumer tastes from various regions (more to the fulfillment of commodity trade and komersialitas), making the colors more attractive coastal batik Cirebonan using many colors. Cirebonan batik production at present consists of Batik Tulis, Cap and batik batik stamp stationery combination. In the year 1990 - 2000 there are some communities Cirebonan batik artisans who produce batik cloth Cirebonan screen printing technique with hand (hand printing), but lately the hand silk-screening technique is almost extinct, due to the silk-screening techniques can not compete with machines that are owned by companies more large. Trusmi batik growth appears to move quickly beginning in 2000, it can be seen from the emerging batik showroom showrooms around the main village road and Panembahan Trusmi. Batik showroom owner Trusmi almost entirely owned by the original Trusmi community although there are one or two are owned by the owners of capital from outside Trusmi.

Sample Collection Batik Cirebonan:

Batik Komar Motif Ganggengan



Batik Komar Motif Singa Payung


Batik Mega Mendung


Batik Wilejeung Rawuh


Source : http://www.netsains.com

History Batik Madura

As a cultural art forms, batik Madura highly sought after and loved by local and long distance customers. With unique shapes and motifs Madura batik has its uniqueness to the consumer. The style and variety of unique and free, personalized nature of the production (done by unit), still maintain traditional ways (written and processed by traditional means) and always use natural dyes are environmentally friendly.

History records Madura batik producers and herbal medicine is quite popular. What made him become like that, perhaps because the two commodities is an integral part of the tradition of their own community.
Small industry which became the pride of this region's batik. For Madura, not just a piece of batik cloth, but has become a cultural icon and a frequent object of research in many institutions. In the various books published abroad batik, Batik Madura is of particular concern. Motifs and colors contained in a long cloth that reflects the character of the society. Tanjung Bumi Batik particularly artificial in Bangkalan.

Not only in the Cape of Earth only, batik has become the value of Indonesian arts and culture in foreign currency. Even the clothes batik clothes or be part of formal wear in Indonesia. Not infrequently we find or even often, by invitation, officials wear batik on formal occasions the family, country and others.

In essence, Batik with different shapes and styles, whether it Madurese batik, batik pekalongan, java batik, batik jogja, solo batik batik-batik and other areas of high culture is a work of art that need to be maintained, preserved, developed nation to become a valuable asset This international eyes.

Let us imagine what if the dress suit that is now the official state clothing across the world, replaced with Madura batik or batik from Indonesia? This truly is a thing that might happen if we could develop the Madura batik or batik Indonesia professionally. Hopefully.

Source : http://1001-madura.com

History Batik Pekalongan

Although no official records began to be known when the batik in Pekalongan, but according to estimates existing in Pekalongan batik around the year 1800. Even according to the data recorded at the Ministry, batik was made in 1802, as a small tree motif in the form of dress material.

But significant progress is expected to occur after a major war in 1825-1830 in the kingdom of Mataram, called Java Diponegoro war or war. With the onset of this battle royal family and urged his followers to leave many areas of the kingdom. They then spread towards the East and West. Later in the area - a new area that the family and followers develop batik.

To the east of Solo and Yogyakarta batik batik refine the existing pattern in Mojokerto and Tulungagung to spread to Gresik, Surabaya and Madura. Medium West toward developing batik in Banyumas, Kebumen, Tegal, Cirebon and Pekalongan. With this migration, the existing Pekalongan batik previously flourished.

Over time, Batik Pekalongan experienced rapid growth compared with other regions. In this region, batik grew around coastal areas, namely in the regions and regional town of Pekalongan Buaran, Pekajangan and Wonopringgo.

Cultural development of printing techniques using dye motifs closing night (candles) on the fabric which was then called batik, is inseparable from the influence of those countries. This shows the resiliency of batik context of the times.

Pekalongan batik is very unique because it rested entirely on hundreds of small entrepreneurs, rather than on a handful of large employers have capital. Since many decades ago until now, most of Pekalongan batik production process is done in homes. As a result, closely united with batik Pekalongan Pekalongan community life which is now divided into two administrative regions, namely Pekalongan Municipality and Regency of Pekalongan.

Pekalongan batik tidal development, show worthy of Pekalongan batik an icon for the developments in the archipelago. Icon for works of art that never surrendered to the development of times and always dynamic. Now batik has become a breath of everyday life Pekalongan residents and is one of key products. This is because many industries which produce batik. Because the product is known for his batik, known as CITY BATIK Pekalongan. The nickname came from a long tradition rooted in Pekalongan. During that long period, various properties, the variety of uses, type design, as well as batik quality is determined by the climate and the presence of fibers of local, historical factors, trade and the readiness of communities to understand and accept new ideas.

Batik is an art culture that admired the world, among the traditional varieties produced with dye technology hurdles, none of which can be present as beautiful and as smooth as Pekalongan batik.

Source : http://aku-cinta-batik.blogspot.com

1965-bloody legacy of Stalinism

The Indonesian military coup of October 1-2, 1965 was the result of an operation that has long been carefully planned by the CIA and the military commanders who were trained by the U.S. military.

During the year 1965 disputes between classes increases. That year began with farmers seize ownership of large landowners and workers in enterprises of rubber and oil reserves owned by U.S. occupation action. President Sukarno has included military generals, led by General Nasution, and the leadership of the PKI into the cabinet to suppress this movement.

The PKI leadership managed to suppress the actions of the occupation, but the mass movement was becoming increasingly difficult to control. Anger growing mass Sell 23 farmers, with a penalty of 15 to 20 years, on charges of beating an army officer to death in defending themselves against a military operation to stop acts of land confiscation in Sumatra.

On the night of 30th September 1965, the CIA orchestrated provocation implemented. A group of middle officers, which at least one has a close connection with Suharto, detain and kill the army commander Lieutenant-General Ahmad Yani and five other top-level generals, and announced the formation of a Revolutionary Council.

The round up of the generals did not include two important people. The first was Suharto, who at the time was commander of the Army Strategic Reserve Command, composed of elite soldiers of the army. The rebels, led by Lieutenant-Colonel Luckily not the slightest attempt to capture or attack Suharto's command center in Jakarta, although he has the ability to implement this. Defence Minister, General Nasution, also escaped. He said as potential victims of this rebellion, but it can save themselves magically.

Fortunately, this is a revolt by a fake. Within 24 hours of Suharto could defeat the rebels, almost without a shot being fired, and took over control of the capital, backed by Nasution.

At the end of the week, which was formed by Suharto's command clears all pockets of resistance, and implement anti-communist massacre of the largest in history orchestrated by the U.S. Embassy and the CIA. Pentagon and CIA, which at that time was already fighting an undeclared war in Vietnam, Indonesia was determined to drown the revolution in blood.

U.S. diplomats and CIA officers, led by U.S. Ambassador to Indonesia, Marshall Green, working with carpenters, butchers Suharto to exterminate every member and supporter of the PKI is known.

In preparation for this coup, U.S. officials have spent at least two years to make these death lists provided to the armed forces with clear instructions: kill them all. Suharto's Son-fruit was ordered to report back on any number of killings have been carried out so that the names of their victims can be matched with names on the lists.

Some U.S. officers say the following-as well as recently what happened. "That was a big help to the army," said a former political officer at the U.S. Ambassador in Jakarta, Robert Martens. "They may kill many people and I might have blood on my hands, but that's not all bad."

"Sometime you have to strike hard at the right time."

Martens led the CIA and officials at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the U.S. embassy, which from the year 1962, compiled a detailed anyone who sat in the leadership of the PKI. That includes the names of PKI members of committees at the provincial, city and other local and union leaders, labor unions supported the PKI, and union-union women and youth.

The operation was masterminded by former CIA director William Colby, who at the time was director of CIA's East Asia Division, and with it being responsible for directing U.S. covert strategy in Asia. Colby said that seeking knowledge on PKI leadership was a workout for the Phoenix program in Vietnam, which attempted to exterminate supporters of the National Liberation Front in the late 1960s.

Colby admitted that checking the names on the lists of death was regarded as so important that it was overseen by the CIA's intelligence directorate in Washington. "We conclude that the treatment is cruel like that, PKI has experienced a major setback."

Deputy CIA station chief described with undisguised relish how hidden Suharto's headquarters in Jakarta provided the U.S. embassy report on the roundup and killing of PKI leaders. "We get a good account in Jakarta of who was covered. The army had a 'shooting list' of about 4.000 up to 5.000 people.

"They did not have enough troops to destroy them all, and some individuals were valuable for interrogation. The basic framework of their organization has collapsed almost immediately. We know what they're doing. We know that they will save some for their pretended courts, but Suharto and his advisors say if you keep them alive, you have to feed them. "

All this is done with the approval of the Green, which after it was sworn in as U.S. ambassador to Australia, where he played an important role in the dissolution of the Whitlam government in 1975.

At least one million people slaughtered in the six months that followed the coup. This is the estimate of a group of graduates of the University of Indonesia which is ruled by the army itself to inquire into the expansion of these killings.

Instigated and assisted by the army, youth groups from Muslim organizations and right wing doing the mass killings, especially in Central Java and East Java. There are reports that the Brantas River near Surabaya to be full of bodies up in certain places the river is "unstoppable corpse." Another report says that at Batu in East Java were so many killed in the small courtyard at a police station there until the bodies were buried under the cement.

On the island of Bali, which before was considered a stronghold of CPI, at least 35.000 people were affected at the beginning of 1966. There the Tamin, an elite commando Sukarno's Indonesian National Party, was the perpetrator killings. A special correspondent of the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung told of the corpses by the roadside or dumped into the excavation, excavation and about half of the villages were burned where farmers do not dare to leave their homes skeletons that have been charred.

In other areas, the defendants were forced to kill their friends to prove their loyalty. In big cities hunting-hunting anti-Chinese place. Workers and government employees who went on strike in protest over the events of this counter-revolutionary fired.

At least 250,000 workers and peasants were imprisoned in concentration camps. It is estimated that approximately 110 000 people still imprisoned as political prisoners by the end of 1969. Executions are still carried out till now, including several dozen since the 1980s. Recently, four prisoners, Johannes Surono Hadiwiyino, Safar Suryanto, Simon Peter Sulaeman and Norbertus Rohayan, sentenced to death nearly 25 years after the coup, a clear sign that the resurrection of the Suharto regime still scare Indonesian proletariat and poor peasants.

Stalinist betrayal deepens

When hundreds of thousands of PKI members and supporters were hunted down and slaughtered, the PKI leadership and colleagues in the Kremlin, Beijing and the Communist Party of Australia (CPA) recommends PKI cadres, workers and peasants to not fight back, giving the green light for military generals to conduct mass executions.

The Stalinist deepened their reactionary positions that require people to subordinate their interests to the national bourgeoisie and Sukarno, which was used by Suharto as a puppet president, and for the armed forces.

On October 1, 1965, Sukarno and the PKI Aidit secretary-general responded to the formation of the Revolutionary Council by the "rebels" with the move to the Halim Air Force Base in Jakarta to seek protection.

On October 6, Sukarno called on people to create "national unity", namely the unity between the armed forces and the victims, and the cessation of violence. The Political Bureau of the Central Committee immediately urged all Party members and mass organizations to support the "leader of the Indonesian revolution" and not against the armed forces. This statement was reprinted in the newspaper CPA named "Tribune":

"After reviewing the appeal to the Supreme Commander of the armed forces of the Republic of Indonesia, the Indonesian revolutionary leader, President Sukarno, the Political Bureau of the Indonesian Communist Party Central Committee expressed full support for the appeal and appeals to all committees and party members and supporters, as well as revolutionary organizations mass led by members of the PKI to enable the implementation of this appeal. "

Meanwhile, Sukarno, "the leader of the Indonesian revolution", is working with the military repression was hoping to save his own neck. He ordered the extermination of all who are considered thoroughly involved in the "event" September 30 (the alleged coup attempt led by Colonel Lucky), and allowing the roundup and killing of PKI leaders. On October 15, he inaugurated the Suharto as army commander.

Five months later, on March 11, 1966, Sukarno, Suharto gave unlimited power. He ruled Suharto to take "appropriate steps" to restore order and to protect the personal safety and authority. Unlimited power was first used by Suharto to ban the PKI. In recognition of his services, was retained as titular president Sukarno's military dictatorship until March 1967.

The PKI leadership continues to demand that the masses to the authority of Sukarno and Suharto's regime. Aidit, who had fled, was captured and executed by the army on November 24, but his work continued by the Second Secretary True PKI. In an interview with a Japanese newspaper correspondent he emphasized:

"PKI is only recognized one head of state, supreme commander of one, a great leader of our revolution - President Sukarno ... President Sukarno to unite all the forces that will decide the fate of the people of Indonesia."

All members, Njoto, must "fully support the orders of President Sukarno and promised to implement all of that without a doubt ... we are trying to Party in all its ability to prevent a civil war."

In other words, while the carpenters, butchers military and their CIA advisers are not only the systematic liquidation of the PKI leaders, but also to sections of Indonesian society's most class-conscious, PKI cadres ordered them not to fight.

Bankruptcy and the decay theory of "two-stage" Stalinist, who insisted that people had to tie their fate to Sukarno and the national bourgeoisie can not be spelled out more clearly.

Betrayal of the PKI and supported by the Stalinist bureaucracies in Moscow and Beijing. The Kremlin blamed elements of the "rebels" and "adventurers" in the PKI for the defeat and called repeatedly for "unity" of the Indonesian revolution in his NASAKOM Sukarno.

On October 12, 1965, the leaders of the Soviet Union, Brezhnev, Mikoyan and Kosygin sent a special message to Sukarno: "We and our colleagues happy to hear that your health has improved ... We heard with great interest about your speech in radio to all the Indonesian people to remain calm and avoid the chaos ... This call will be understood in depth. "

In a Intercontinental Conference in Havana in February 1966, representatives of the Soviet Union tried with all their ability to avoid the condemnation of terror counter-revolution that is happening to the people of Indonesia. Establishment of praise they get from the Suharto regime. The Indonesian parliament passed a resolution on February 11, expressed "full recognition" for his efforts as representatives from Nepal, Mongolia, the Soviet Union and other countries at the Conference of Solidarity with the States of Africa, Asia and Latin America, which successfully neutralized efforts of the counter-revolutionary movements of so-called Sept. 30, and the leaders and their protectors, to mixed-hand in the domestic affairs of Indonesia. "

Similarly, the treachery of the Stalinist was very clear to parliament this military junta pet can say that the events arranged by the CIA on September 30 as an attempted counter-revolutionary!

The Stalinist in Beijing also wash their hands of the fate of the people of Indonesia. They even went to Jakarta for the World Conference against foreign bases and stand by without protest as their comrades from Indonesia were included in the conference room.

Military preparations begin

In 1956 the Indonesian army, with U.S. endorsement, have started their preparations for a military dictatorship to suppress the popular movement. In August, the West Java regional military commander ordered the arrest of the Minister for Foreign Affairs Ruslan Abdulgani on allegations of corruption. In November, Deputy Chief of the armed forces, Colonel Zulkifli Lubis, attempted unsuccessfully to seize control of Jakarta and overthrow the Sukarno government. The next month, there was a military coup in the Central and North Sumatra.

Sukarno in October 1956 to strengthen its position against the people and calm the armed forces by calling on political parties to disband. This call was later extended to an attempt to establish a National Council that includes all parties, including PKI, to rule the country. When the heads of military regions rejected the plan, and to take power of their provinces, Sukarno declared a state of emergency. Finally, the cabinet "non-party" newly formed, including two followers of the PKI.

As a reaction to the mass upsurge in December 1957, the U.S. imperialism immediately stepped up operations. The CIA has been active since the 1940s, spending millions to subsidize the elements of pro-American in the national bourgeoisie, especially the Indonesian Socialist Party, led Sumiro, colleagues Hatta, and the larger Islamic allies, led by Masyumi Syarifuddin Prawiranegara, with whom Hatta also has a close relationship.

Throughout the years 1957 and 1958 a series of rebellions secessionist and right-wing, aided by the CIA erupting on the island of Sumatra and the petroleum-rich Sulawesi, where PSI and Masyumi have dominant effect.

The first is Permesta military rebellion that began in March 1957 and lasted until the year 1958, which ended with a coup attempt supported by the CIA in February 1958.

United States Government provides substantial financial support, military advisers, weapons and a small air force consisting of bombers B-26, piloted the bases in Taiwan and the Philippines. U.S. Secretary of State openly even provide support for the rebels this right-wing. Carriers from the U.S. seventh fleet was sent to Singapor and when it seemed United would be direct intervention in Sumatra with a reason to protect employees and the Owner-Owner Caltex Oil.

The Indonesian military command had decided that the rebellion, failed to win mass support, must be stopped. Sukarno survived.

However, the armed forces become stronger. Over the next six years, the U.S. pours money into it, laying the foundation that allowed Suharto to start his climb to power after leading a military operation to take over West Papua in 1962.

Between 1959 and 1965 the United States provides $ 64 million in military aid to visual generals of the Indonesian military. According to reports in the Indonesian Youth Voice: "Before the end of 1960, the United States has equipped 43 battalions of the armed forces. Each year, U.S. military officers trained right-wing. Between 1956 and 1959, more than 200 high ranking officers have been trained in U.S., and hundreds of low-ranking officers are trained every year. Head of the Agency for International Development in America once said that U.S. aid, of course, not to support Sukarno and that the U.S. has trained a large number of army officers and civilians who would form Indonesian military units to create a "free country".

At the same time, Sukarno was running a system of "Guided Democracy" him. In July 1959 parliament was dissolved and Sukarno set a constitution under a presidential decree - once again with the full support of the PKI. He strengthened the hand of the armed forces by raising the generals of the military to important positions.

CPI welcomes "Guided Democracy" Sukarno with a warm and assuming that he has a mandate for the alliance between the conception of nationalism, Islam and communism, called NASAKOM.

In pursuit of their national front with Sukarno and the national bourgeoisie, the PKI leaders create illusions are very dangerous in the armed forces.

Only five years before the bloody defeat that happened to the workers and peasants at the hands of the armed forces, political directives stated by the leadership of the PKI SOBSI, trade union federation led by the PKI, in a statement on International Labor Day in May 1960:

"SOBSI enforce that the armed forces of the Republic was still a child of the revolution of the people ... and with that of the officers down to their subordinates and to the soldiers ... they will not engage in actions that betray the Republic. In addition, the president Sukarno, who sided with the people, have a great influence upon the leaders of the armed forces and he was not willing to be a military dictator. "

Colonial expropriation for centuries

Colonial Dutch colonized Indonesia for 350 years without mercy, plundering its natural, open the large plantations and extort people are cruel.
In 1940 there was only one doctor for every 60,000 people (compared to India, where the ratio is 1:6,000) and 2.400 graduates from high school. At the end of the Second World War, 93 percent of Indonesia's population is still illiterate.

At the beginning of the Nineteenth century, the development of the British bourgeoisie increasingly challenging the dominance of the Netherlands over this area. In 1800 the Dutch East Indies Company became bankrupt and the British take over the territory between the years 1811 and 1816. In 1824, the Treaty of London (London Agreement) dividing the region between them: the British got control over the bay of Malacca and the Netherlands remain master of the Indonesian archipelago.
Beginning of the Twentieth century, the new American imperialism began developing a challenge for the European colonial powers, especially after the occupation of the Philippines by the United States in the year 1898.

The United States is engaged in a trade war with the Dutch over oil and rubber. Standard Oil Company began to contest the monopoly of oil mining areas in Indonesia by the Royal Dutch company. In 1907, Royal Dutch and Shell merged to combat competition from the U.S.. Taking advantage of the situation of the First World War, Standard Oil began drilling in Central Java, and in the same year, U.S. companies began to master the rubber plantations. Goodyear Tyre and Rubber plantations open them and open the U.S. Rubber rubber plantations under single ownership of the largest in the world.

U.S. strategy in this area as it can be summarized by Senator William Beverage:

"The Philippines are ours forever ... and beyond the Philippines are an infinite Chinese market. We will not retreat from both. We will not abandon our responsibilities in the islands. We will not abandon our responsibilities in East Asia. We will not abandon our part in the mission of our nation, the belief in God, for civilization in this world ... we will go forward working ... with gratitude ... and gratitude to our Almighty God because He has chosen we as elected people, henceforth to lead in the regeneration of the world ... Our largest trade henceforth must be with Asia. North Pacific is our ocean ... and the Pacific is the future of sea trade. The power that rules the Pacific, is the strength conquer the world. And with the Philippines, that power is and will always be the American Republic. "

The rise of Japanese imperialism and its expansion into Korea, Manchuria and China lead to confrontation with U.S. imperialism on the mastery of these areas, which rose and erupted in the Pacific War in World War II. Japanese bourgeoisie's desire to usurp the authority of U.S., French and Dutch brought the importance of Indonesia, as a gateway to the Indian Ocean and Southeast Asian natural resources, into focus.

In 1942 the Dutch colonialists handed power over Indonesia to Japan, than to allow the Indonesian people fighting for independence. All the imperialist powers have good reason to fear that the oppressed people of Indonesia.
So far in 1914 the best representatives of the Indonesian workers have taken the teachings of Marxism when the Social Democratic Association Indies (Indies Social Democratic Association) was formed with the initiative of a Dutch communist Hendrik Seventieth. In 1921 it changed to the Indonesian Communist Party in response to the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia.

PKI gain great authority among the people by leading the struggle against Dutch colonialism, including large movements of the first in Java and Sumatra in 1926 and 1927.
When the Chinese people are moving in a second Chinese Revolution in 1926-27, the workers and peasants, Indonesia is also engaged in a rebellion, led by the PKI. However, the Dutch colonial authorities managed to quell the revolts. They arrested 13,000 suspects, imprisoned and exiled 1.308 to 4.500 in a concentration camp in West Irian. The PKI was banned.

History Motif Batik SOLO

Kampung Batik Laweyan

Laweyan is one of the central Batik in Solo. Obviously this ward there are a lot of history left in this and an icon kapung Batik Solo


The history of batik in Indonesia is closely linked with the development and dissemination of the Majapahit empire of Islam in Java. In some records, the development of batik is mostly done in times of Mataram Kingdom, then on the work of Solo and Yogyakarta.

So the art of batik in Indonesia has been known since the days of work and growing to the Majapahit kingdom and the kings of the next. As for starting the spread of this batik art belongs to the people of Indonesia and Java in particular tribe is after the end of the century or the beginning of XVIII-XIX century. Produced batik batik is all until the early twentieth century and printed batik is known only after the world wars or the unity out around 1920. The connection with the spread of Islamic teachings. Many areas in Java batik centers are areas Batik students and then become a tool of economic perjaungan by figures pedangan Muslims against the Dutch economy.

Batik art is the art of drawing on the fabric for clothing that becomes one of cultural keluaga Indonesian kings of old. Batik initially worked in the palace just limited to clothing and the result was the king and family and his followers. Because many of the followers of the king who lived outside the palace, the art of batik was brought by the palace and carried them out in place of each.

Long batik art was imitated by the people nearest and subsequently expanded into the work of women in the household to fill his spare time. Furthermore, batik clothing was only the royal family, then became a popular folk clothes, both women and men. White fabric that is used when it is the result of homespun.

Medium coloring materials used consist of plants native to Indonesia who made their own from among others: noni tree, tall, soga, indigo, and materials made from soda ash soda, as well as salts made from tanahlumpur.

Jaman Majapahit
Batik has become the kingdom Majahit culture, can be traced in Mojokerto and Tulung Court. Mojoketo are areas closely related to the Majapahit kingdom during the first and the origin of the name have anything to do with Majapahit Majokerto. Relation to the development of batik developed in Tulung Majapahit Agung is the history of batik developments in this area, can be extracted from the relic in the age of the Majapahit kingdom. At that time the area is partly composed of Tulungagung swamps in the history of the area known as Bonorowo, which at the time of Majapahit bekembangnya area controlled by a Duke benama Kalang, and did not surrender to the kingdom of Majapahit.

Told that the police actions waged by Majapahati, Duke Kalang allegedly killed in the fighting around the village which is now reportedly named Kalangbret. Thus, the officers and soldiers who settled keluara Majapahit kingdom and lived in the territory which is now named Bonorowo or Tulungagung among others also bring original art to make batik.

Batik is now in the Mojokerto region contained in Kwali, Mojosari, Betero and Sidomulyo. Outside the Mojokerto regency is in Jombang. At the end of XIX century there were several people known batik in Mojokerto, the materials used at that time white cloth woven by himself and drugs from soga jambal batik, noni, indigo tom, height and so forth.

Drugs known abroad the new postwar world of unity which are sold by Chinese traders in Mojokerto. Batik is known along with the entry of drugs from abroad batik. Cap made in Bangil and entrepreneurs can buy batik Mojokerto Porong market in Sidoarjo, this Porong Market before the world economic crisis known as the bustling market, where the results of production and Jetis Sidoarjo batik Kedungcangkring lot sale. Time of economic crisis, batik entrepreneurs participate Mojoketo paralyzed, because most small entrepreneurs business. Batik events arising after the crisis go back to Japan's entry into Indonesia, and the time the Japanese occupation of batik activities paralyzed again. Batik activity appears again after the revolution which has become a regional Mojokerto occupation.

A typical characteristic of batik Kalangbret of Mojokerto is almost equal to the output of batik-batik of Yogyakarta, which is basically white and brown 's type and color of dark blue. Known since more than a century ago the village of batik Majan and Simo. The village also has a history as a relic from the war era Prince Diponegoro in 1825.

Although batik is known since antiquity Majapahait but batik development began to spread rapidly since the region of Surakarta, Central Java and Yogyakarta, at the time of the kingdom in this region. It appears that the development of batik in Mojokerto and more dipenagruhi Tulung next Supreme Solo and Yogyakarta batik patterns.

In berkecamuknya clash between the Dutch colonial army with the troops of Prince Diponegoro, then some of the Kyai Mojo troops withdrew towards the east and until now the Majan. Since the Dutch colonial period until the time of independence is the status of rural villages Merdikan Majan (Special Region), and the village head of a chaplain whose status-temurun.Pembuatan Uirun Majan batik is an instinct (relic) of the art of making batik Diponegoro war era.

Color babaran Majan and Simo batik is unique because of the color red babarannya lit (from mulberry bark) and other colors of the tom. As a batik Setra since time immemorial village area is also famous Sembung, which batik entrepreneurs mostly from Tulungagung Sala coming in at the end of XIX century. Only now there are still some families who settled batik from Sala Sembung area. Apart from the proficiency level in these places there are also areas of batik in Psychology and also a couple in Kediri, but the nature of some of the batik craft and household babarannya batik.

The spread of the Islamic era
History of batik in other areas of East Java is in Ponorogo, whose story is related to the spread of Islam in this region. History of Batik. Mentioned problem areas Ponorogo batik art are closely related to the development of Islamic religion and the kingdoms first. It is said Batoro Katong area, there is a direct descendant of the Majapahit empire named Raden Raden Patah sister of Katong. Katong Batoro this is what brought Islam to the existing ruins Ponorogo and now is a mosque Patihan Wetan area.

Selanjutanya developments, in Ponorogo, Tegalsari area there is a boarding school that nurtured Kyai Hasan Basri or known as the Great Tegalsari Kyai. This Tegalsari pesantren teach religion other than Islam also teaches administrative sciences, sciences and literature of war. A disciple of the famous from the literary field is Tegalsari Ronggowarsito Raden. Kyai Hasan Basri was taken into law by the king Kraton of Solo.

Batik art at that time was limited within the palace. Therefore Solo palace princess became the wife of Kyai Hasan Basri Tegalsari and then brought into-accompaniment followed by a retinue. besides that many of the royal family also learned dipesantren Solo this. These events bring art out of the palace bafik toward Ponorogo. Young people educated in this Tegalsari when it came out, the community would donate his batik dharma in areas kepamongan and religion.

Long batik areas that we can see now is a region that is Kepatihan Wetan Kauman now and from here spread to the villages Ronowijoyo, Mangunsuman, Kertosari, Setono, Cokromenggalan, Duchy, Nologaten, Bangunsari, Cekok, Banyudono and Ngunut. It was the drugs used in batik are made in our own country from woody among others; tom tree, noni, tall timber. While homemade kainputihnyajugamemakai materials from woven carrying. Bam imported white cloth known in Indonesia about the late-19th century.

Batik-making in the new Ponorogo known after the first world war brought on by a Chinaman named Kwee Seng from Banyumas. Ponorogo region early 20th century in the famous batik indigo dye that does not fade and that's why entrepreneurs Banyumas and Solo batik from giving jobs to many entrepreneurs in Ponorogo batik. As a result of the familiar printed batik production petama Ponorogo after World War until the outbreak of the second world war that is famous for his rough batik batik blue mori. Market batik rough Ponorogo then famous throughout Indonesia.

Solo and Yogyakarta Batik
From work-in Solo and Yogyakarta royal surroundings and 19th century, 17.18, batik and widespread, particularly in the area of Java Island. Batik was originally just a hobby of the royal family in the past decorated clothing. But subsequent developments, pleh society developed into a commodity perdagamgan batik.

Solo Batik is famous for its traditional batik patterns and patterns in the process of batik cap or she writes. The materials used for staining still remains a lot of use of domestic materials such as Java soga already known from the first. Fixed pattern, among others, famous for its "Sidomukti" and "Sidoluruh".

While the origins of batik area since the kingdom of Mataram Yogyakarta is known to any-I with a Panembahan Senopati raj. First is the village of batik Region Plered. Batik at the time limited in the royal family environment which was done by the women helpers queen. From here batik work extends to the first trap on the other the wife of the royal family from the servants in the palace and the soldiers. At the official ceremony of the royal family palace both men and women wearing clothes with batik and striated kombonasi. Therefore, this kingdom received a visit from the people and the people interested in the clothes worn by the royal family and imitated by the people and finally meluaslah batik out of the palace walls.

As a result of good old time of war between the families of kings as well as between the Dutch colonial past, so many families of the king who fled and settled areas of new areas, among others, to Banyumas, Pekalongan, and Eastern regions of Ponorogo, Tulungagung and sebagainy a. Meluasny a local batik-stricken area until that area according to the historical development of Indonesian struggle beginning of the 18th century. Families who fled the palace is that developed all over the island of Java, batik work of the existing and developing new areas of nature and according to it.

Diponegoro's war against the Netherlands, urged the prince and his family and his followers have left the kingdom. They then spread towards the East and West. Then in the new areas that the family and followers of Prince Diponegoro to develop batik.

East to Solo and Yogyakarta batik batik improve the existing pattern in Mojokerto and Tulung Court. It also spread to Gresik, Surabaya and Madura. Medium westward batik developed in Banyumas, Pekalongan, Tegal, Cirebon.

Batik developments in other Cities
The development of batik in Banyumas Sokaraja centered in the area brought by the followers of Prince Diponegero after wide-inya war in 1830, their most-ap menet Banyumas region. Followers of the famous time was Najendra and he developed a dye batik in Sokaraja. Materials used mori homespun results and medications used pewama tom trees, mulberry trees and the pace that gives the red color of yellow artificiality.

Long batik gradually spread to the people Sokaraja and at the end of XIX century are directly related to region Solo batik and Ponorogo. Areas in Banyumas batik had been known since before the motif and color in particular and is now called batik Banyumas. After world war unity of batik is also done by the Chinese began their trade as well as batik material. .

Similar to batik in Pekalongan. The followers of Prince Diponegoro, who settled in this area and then develop sekitara batik business in this coastal area, namely in areas other than their own Pekalongan, batik is growing rapidly in Buawaran, Pekajangan and Wonopringgo. The presence of batik in these areas almost simultaneously with other regions of batik which is about the nineteenth century. Batik-development areas outside the region apart from Yogyakarta and Solo are closely related to the development history of the kingdom of Yogyakarta and Solo.

Widespread batik out of the palace after the end of the Diponegoro war and the many regions of the royal family who had moved out of areas because of Yogyakarta and Solo would not kejasama with the colonial government. The royal family took their followers that new regions and places of batik was continued and then became a job for livelihood.

Batik pattern in this new area is also adapted to the circumstances surrounding areas. Especially seen from the Pekalongan and designya much influenced by the batik of Demak. Until the early twentieth century is the process known as batik batik morinya with domestically produced materials and some imported. After the world war a new unity known batik fabrication and use of foreign medicines made in German and English.

In the early 20th century was first known in Pekajangan is producing weaving and yarn spinning Stagen itself is simple. In recent years new batik is known to be worked by people who work this weaving sector. Growth and more rapid development of weaving batik Stagen and never sugar mill workers in Wonopringgo and Tirto companies ran into batik, because wages are higher than the sugar factory.

Tegal batik was known in the late nineteenth century and that it used a homemade time taken from plants: pace / noni, indigo, soga wood and homespun fabric. Tegal batik was first color is babaran Sogan and gray after a known indigo plant, and then increased to a red-blue color. Tegal batik market when they came out among the other regions of West Java, was taken solely by entrepreneurs in their walk and this is according to the history of the development of batik in Tasik and-comer Ciamis besides other newcomers from the cities of Central Javanese batik.

In the early twentieth century was known mori import and import of new drugs known as post-war world unity. Batik entrepreneurs in Tegal mostly weak in capital and raw materials obtained from the Pekalongan and with credit and batik are sold in China provides loans to such materials. Time of economic crisis Tegal batik-batik participate actively re-flagging and new around the year 1934 until the beginning of the second world war. When the Japanese went dead again batik work activities.

Pila thus the history of batik in Purworejo along with batik in Kebumen is derived from Yogyakarta around XI century. Pekembangan batik in Purworejo than in Kebumen faster in Kebumen. Production as well as the Yogyakarta and other Banyumas areas.

While in the area Bayat, Klaten District Tembayat Kebumen-situated approximately 21 km east of the town of Klaten. Bayat region is located at the foot of the mountain village but the land is arid and minuses. These areas include environmental Surakarta and Klaten district and the history of batik here certainly closely related to the history of the former royal palace in Surakarta. Bayat Village is now no ruins can be visited by people in certain times of "grave of Sunan Bayat" on the mountain Jabarkat. So Bayat batik village has existed since the time of first job. Batik entrepreneurs in Bayat had most of the handicraft and batik workers in Solo.

While batik in Kebumen is known about the early nineteenth century, brought by immigrants, immigrants from the Islamic da'wah in order to Yogya, among others, which is known is this: PenghuluNusjaf. He is what develops in Kebumen batik and first place is settled east Lukolo time now and there are also relics of the mosque for his efforts. The first backward process in Kebumen called teng-brother or Blambangan and subsequently the final process is done in Banyumas / Solo. Around the early twentieth century to create a pattern which is used turmeric capnya made of wood. Kebumen motives were: the trees, bird-burungan. Other materials used are trees pace, tom kemudu and indigo.

The use of imported drugs in Kebumen is known around the year 1920 which was introduced by the employees of Bank Rakyat Indonesia, which finally left the homemade ingredients, as it saves time. Use of copper seal is known around the year 1930 brought by Purnomo of Yogyakarta. Areas is the village of batik in Kebumen: Watugarut, Tanurekso that much and there are several other villages.

Viewed with the relics are now, and the stories passed down through generations of the foregoing, it is predicted that Batik Tasikmalaya region known since the days of "Tarumanagara" which is a relic of the existing number of trees found there tarum useful for making batik time . Heritage village which still exists today it is the crude batik: batik craft Wurug famous, Sukapura, Mangunraja, Maronjaya and Tarlac City.

Formerly the center of government and bustle of the famous village is Sukapura, Indihiang the edge rows Tasikmalaya town now. Approximately end of the century and early XVII-XVIII century a result of the battle between kingdoms in Central Java, many of the local population: Tegal, Pekalongan, Ba-nyumas and Western regions of the Holy migrate and settle in Ciamis and Tasikmalaya. Most of them are batik entrepreneurs area and headed towards the West while the batik trade. With the advent of this new population, both wearing pembutan next dikenallah soga originally from Central Java. Tasikmalaya batik production now is a mixture of batik-batik Pekalongan, Tegal, Banyumas, Ghost of a diverse patterns and colors.

Batik was known in Ciamis about XIX century after the completion of the Diponegoro war, where followers of Diponegoro, many who left Yogyakarta, heading south. Some regions have settled there Banyumas and some who continued the journey to the south and settled in Ciamis and Tasikmalaya now. They migrate with keluargany a new place and settle into the population and continue to live and work procedures. Some of them were experts in the craft of batik as household work for women. Eventually, this work could be developed on the surrounding residents due to the daily interactions or family relationship. The materials used for self-woven fabric and paint materials made from trees such as mulberry, tom tree, and so forth.

Batik Ciamis result is a blend of Central Javanese batik and their own regional influence, especially Garutan motifs and colors. Until the early twentieth century batik in Ciamis growing little by little, from their own needs into the production market. 're In the area of Cirebon batik there kaintannya with the kingdom in this aerah, namely Kanoman, Kasepuahn and Keprabonan. The main source of batik Cirebon, the case is the same as those in Yogyakarta and Solo. Batik environment appears palace, and taken out by servants in the palace who reside outside the palace. Ancient kings delighted with the paintings and prior known cotton yarn, the painting was placed on palm leaves. It happened around the XIII century. It has something to do with batik motifs on the fabrics. Characteristic of batik Cirebonan a large part motivated images of forests and wildlife symbol. While the sea motif because the nature of thought influenced by China, which the sultanate of Cirebon editing the first ever Chinese princess. Sementra Cirebonan batik depicts a eagle as influenced by Yogya and Solo batik motifs.